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Waters

Waters

Rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and polders, dikes and sluices. Shijiu Lake and the six medium-sized reservoirs are all present, each with its area, length or capacity; where an item has more than one official figure, all are given with their source and year.

The number of small reservoirs is given officially as 73 and as 79; the first phase does not list them all, and both figures are set out on the About page.

Published entries 　18 Content updated to 　2026-10-01
Rivers Ergan River A main watercourse of the Qinhuai system, its length given as 25.60, 26.0 or 26.36 km The Ergan River is a main watercourse of the Qinhuai system and a tributary of the Lishui River, running from Fangbian Reservoir, also called Dongping Reservoir or Dongping Lake, to the Lishui River. Its length is given in three ways: 25.60 km on the district government's geographical position page and in the Dongping Subdistrict environmental report, 26.0 km in the environmental impact report for the Ergan River desilting project, and 26.36 km in the Master Plan for the Wuxiang Mountain National Forest Park. Its basin is given as 254 sq km in one source and its catchment as 227.10 sq km in others. This entry takes 25.60 km and sets the other figures out under Open questions. Water conservancyLandscape unchecked Long-form Lakes and Reservoirs Fangbian Reservoir A medium-sized reservoir in Dongping Subdistrict, its total capacity given as 4900 and 5070 10,000 m³ Fangbian Reservoir lies on the upper Ergan River, a Qinhuai tributary, in the east of Lishui District, in Dongping Subdistrict. Work began in September 1958 and the reservoir filled in November 1959; it is one of the district's six medium-sized reservoirs, and an environmental impact report calls it the largest medium-sized reservoir in Lishui District and the second largest in Nanjing. Its total capacity is given as 4900 10,000 m³ in replies from the district and municipal governments and as 5070 10,000 m³ in the Dongping Subdistrict environmental report; its catchment is 77.1 sq km and its water surface 6.68 sq km. It is also called Dongping Reservoir and Dongping Lake, and in March 2019 the provincial forestry bureau approved the Lishui Dongping Lake Provincial Wetland Park here. ReservoirsDrinking water sourcesWetlands unchecked Long-form Lakes and Reservoirs Laoyaba Reservoir A medium-sized reservoir in Baima Town and the source of the Xinqiao River, its registered water surface 157.40 ha, its catchment given as 17.5 and 58.11 sq km Laoyaba Reservoir lies in Baima Town, Lishui District. It is one of the district's six medium-sized reservoirs, its management unit is the Laoyaba Reservoir Management Office, and it is the source of the Xinqiao River, an inflow river of the Shijiu Lake system. Its total capacity of 1163 10,000 m³, usable capacity of 487 10,000 m³ and usable water level of 34.8 m come from Table 2 of Jiangsu Water Resources, 2022 no. 5. The Natural Resource Register of the Nanjing Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, entered on 14 June 2024, records a water surface of 157.40 ha for the registered unit Laoyaba Reservoir. Its catchment is given as 17.5 sq km on the Nanjing Municipal People's Government portal, 14 November 2024, and as 58.11 sq km in Table 2 of Jiangsu Water Resources, 2022 no. 5. In 2024 Laoyaba Reservoir was listed among the national pilot projects for the modernised matrix of reservoir operation and management. ReservoirsDrinking water sourcesWater conservancy unchecked Long-form Rivers Lishui River The southern source of the Qinhuai, rising at Donglu Mountain, its length given as 6.5 km by the district government The Lishui River is the southern source of the Qinhuai and a main watercourse of the Qinhuai system; the Yigan, Ergan and Sangan rivers are together called the Lishui River after they join. The district government's geographical position page gives its length as 6.5 km, while the Dongping Subdistrict environmental report writes the Lishui River as comprising the three branches, the Yigan, Ergan and Sangan. The environmental impact report for the Ergan River desilting project gives the Lishui River a basin of 680 sq km, a figure covering the three branches as a whole. This entry takes 6.5 km and sets the other figures out under Open questions. Water conservancyLandscape Confidence: Qualifiedunchecked Standard Polders, Dikes and Sluices Qiuhu Pumping Station The replenishment pumping station of the Qinhuai River and Shijiu Lake water system connection project, the district's only district-managed medium pumping station, lifting Shijiu Lake water from the Xinqiao River into the main trunk canal to supply the Fangbian Reservoir and Zhongshan Reservoir supply lines Qiuhu Pumping Station is the only district-managed medium pumping station in the district listed in the Measures for the Management and Protection of Water Conservancy Works in Lishui District, and is the replenishment pumping station of the Qinhuai River and Shijiu Lake water system connection project. The station takes Shijiu Lake as its water source and lifts water from the Xinqiao River, conveying it through the Qiuhu main trunk canal; the Clear-Water Channel project began at the end of 2014 and passed completion acceptance in December 2016, lifting water from the Xinqiao River at Qiuhu Pumping Station and conveying it through the Qiuhu main trunk canal to Xishanxia. Both water-source replenishment lines start at Qiuhu Pumping Station: the Fangbian Reservoir line is 20.1 km long with a design capacity of 2.0 cubic metres per second, and the Zhongshan Reservoir line is 9.12 km long with a design capacity of 5.0 cubic metres per second; in May 2021 the Qiuhu irrigation district continued-construction, supporting-works and water-saving renovation project linked the Zhongshan Reservoir east trunk canal to the Fangbian Reservoir conveyance line, and both Fangbian and Zhongshan reservoirs can be replenished by lifting Shijiu Lake water through Qiuhu Pumping Station. No official area or length is given for the station, and this entry declares area and length gaps. Water conservancyLandscape Confidence: Qualifiedunchecked Standard Rivers Sangan River A main watercourse of the Qinhuai system flowing north into the Lishui River, its length given as 11.19 or 20.7 km The Sangan River is a main watercourse of the Qinhuai system, flowing from south to north into the Lishui River. Its length is given in two ways: 11.19 km on the district government's geographical position page, in the Master Plan for the Wuxiang Mountain National Forest Park and in the Eleventh Five-Year water plan, and 20.7 km with a basin of 117.50 sq km, of which 72.66 sq km lies in Lishui District, in the Shiqiu Subdistrict environmental report. Its catchment is also given as 64.74 sq km. This entry takes 11.19 km and sets the other figures out under Open questions. Water conservancyLandscape unchecked Standard Lakes and Reservoirs Shijiu Lake The boundary lake in southern Lishui, its area given as 207.65 and 214.7 sq km Shijiu Lake is the boundary lake in the south of Lishui District and one of the district's three catchments. Its area is given as 207.65 sq km on the district government's geographical position page and 214.7 sq km in replies from the municipal government and the district water bureau, while the part within Lishui is given as 90.4, 91.2 or 87.7 sq km. A provincial wetland park was approved here in November 2019 with a planned area of 91.7 sq km; the provincial list of important wetlands gives 9140.71 ha; and a 2011 municipal schedule lists a Shijiu Lake scenic area at municipal level. LakesWetlandsProtected areas Confidence: Qualifiedunchecked Long-form Polders, Dikes and Sluices Shijiu Lake Dike The lake dike on the Lishui reach of Shijiu Lake, about 30.42 km of polder embankment within the district, completed in November 2017 and accepted in December 2019 Shijiu Lake Dike is the lake dike on the Lishui reach of Shijiu Lake, in the Shijiu Lake basin. A 2025 reply from the Lishui District Water Affairs Bureau gives about 30.42 km of polder embankment within Lishui District; in October 2015 the Provincial Development and Reform Commission approved the Shijiu Lake Dike Flood Defence Capacity Improvement Project under Su Fa Gai Nong Jing Fa [2015] No. 1182, at an approved investment of 472 million yuan, to a 40-year flood standard and a grade 3 dike, completed in early November 2017 and accepted in December 2019. The 2014 environmental impact report gives the design figures for the Lishui reach as 30.42 km of lake dike and 4.31 km of port dike reinforced, 34.73 km in all. This entry takes 30.42 km for its length field. Water conservancyPolder landLandscape Confidence: Qualifiedunchecked Standard Polders, Dikes and Sluices Tiansheng Bridge Sluice The hub sluice on the divide between the Qinhuai River and Shijiu Lake, formerly the Dongfanghong double-gate sluice, begun in 1969 and completed in 1972, rebuilt on a new site from 2017 and accepted in 2019 Tiansheng Bridge Sluice lies in Honglan Subdistrict, Lishui District. Formerly the Dongfanghong double-gate sluice, it is an important water hub linking the Shijiu Lake system with the Qinhuai River system, and the north-south marker of the divide between the two. The double-gate sluice was begun in 1969 and completed and put into use in 1972; after appraisal as a class IV sluice the old structure was demolished and rebuilt on a new site. The rehabilitation works combine a relocated new build with a double-gate sluice and a control sluice, serving flood defence, storage, diversion, navigation and flood relief; the works are class III, the main structures grade 2, and the total investment was 101.55 million yuan, with construction beginning in November 2017 and completion acceptance by the Nanjing Municipal Water Bureau in December 2019. The double-gate sluice is designed by reference to a class VI ship lock, with a clear gate width of 12 m and a chamber of 120 x 12 x 2.5 m; the control sluice has a design flood discharge of 276 cubic metres per second, a clear gate width of 24 m and a 50-year flood standard. Water conservancyLandscape Confidence: Qualifiedunchecked Standard Lakes and Reservoirs Wolong Reservoir A medium-sized reservoir in the Economic Development Zone, that is Zhetang Subdistrict, its registered water surface 212.76 ha, also written Wolongshan Reservoir Wolong Reservoir is one of the six medium-sized reservoirs of Lishui District; the municipal water bureau's 2022 list gives its township as the Economic Development Zone, and its management unit is the Wolong Reservoir Management Office. The Natural Resource Register of the Nanjing Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, entered on 14 June 2024, records a water surface of 212.76 ha for the registered unit Wolong Reservoir, with the Ergan River to the north and the basin given as the Qinhuai. Its total capacity of 1339 10,000 m³, usable capacity of 756 10,000 m³ and usable water level of 18.5 m come from Table 2 of Jiangsu Water Resources, 2022 no. 5. The district government's natural resources page writes Wolongshan Reservoir, while this entry takes the water bureau form Wolong Reservoir. It is the only one of the six medium-sized reservoirs not on the drinking water source area list, and it also carries the name Wolong Lake and the status of a provincial water conservancy scenic area. ReservoirsWater conservancyLandscape unchecked Long-form Rivers Xinqiao River An inflow river of the Shijiu Lake system rising at Laoyaba Reservoir, its length given as 26.28 or 31.4 km The Xinqiao River is an inflow river of the Shijiu Lake system, rising at Laoyaba Reservoir and flowing into Shijiu Lake. Its length is given in two ways: 26.28 km on the district government's geographical position page and in the Dongping Subdistrict environmental report, and about 31.4 km with a basin of 314.6 sq km by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Water Resources. The Eleventh Five-Year water plan gives a catchment of 204.36 sq km. This entry takes 26.28 km and sets the other figures out under Open questions. Water conservancyLandscape unchecked Long-form Rivers Yanzhi River (Tianshengqiao River) A Ming canal linking the Qinhuai River with Shijiu Lake The Yanzhi River, also called the Tianshengqiao River, lies in Honglan Subdistrict. It is a canal cut after Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital, to carry grain between Nanjing and the two Zhe, running north to the mouth of the Qinhuai and south to Honglan Wharf on Shijiu Lake, 7.5 km in all. It takes its name from Yanzhi Hill; during the cutting a natural rock stayed spanning the cliffs above the channel, and this is Tiansheng Bridge. The Tiansheng Bridge scenic area is a 4A tourist attraction, rated in 2019; in the provincial list of protected cultural sites the Yanzhi River and Tiansheng Bridge are one protected unit at two points. Canalgrain transportWater conservancy unchecked Long-form Lakes and Reservoirs Yaojia Reservoir A medium-sized reservoir in Jingqiao Town, its registered water surface 171.71 ha, once on the municipal drinking water source list and cancelled in 2019 Yaojia Reservoir lies in Jingqiao Town, Lishui District. It is one of the district's six medium-sized reservoirs, its management unit is the Yaojia Reservoir Management Office, and in 2019 that office passed review as a provincial class I water engineering management unit of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Water Resources. Its total capacity of 1140 10,000 m³, usable capacity of 538 10,000 m³ and usable water level of 20.6 m come from Table 2 of Jiangsu Water Resources, 2022 no. 5. The Natural Resource Register of the Nanjing Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, entered on 14 June 2024, records a water surface of 171.71 ha for the registered unit Yaojia Reservoir. Yaojia Reservoir was once on the municipal drinking water source list, and from 9 October 2019 it was cancelled by the Notice on cancelling the municipal drinking water source list entries of Yaojia Reservoir and others in Lishui District. ReservoirsDrinking water sourcesWater conservancy unchecked Standard Rivers Yigan River A main Qinhuai watercourse rising at Zhongshan Reservoir, its length given as 22.1, 20.35 or 20.1 km The Yigan River is a main watercourse of the Qinhuai system. It rises at Zhongshan Reservoir, runs through Lishui District and Jiangning District, and joins the Sangan River at the Wangjiawei ferry before flowing into the Lishui River. Its length is given in three ways: 22.1 km on the district government's geographical position page, 20.1 km by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Water Resources, and 20.35 km with a catchment of 172.98 sq km in the Master Plan for the Wuxiang Mountain National Forest Park. This entry takes 22.1 km and sets the others beside it. Water conservancyLandscape unchecked Standard Rivers Yunhe River A tributary of the Shijiu Lake system and a branch of the Xinqiao River, rising at Zheshantou Reservoir, its length given as 11.99 km The Yunhe River is a tributary of the Shijiu Lake system and a branch of the Xinqiao River, rising at Zheshantou Reservoir and running north-west through Yunhe and Kongzhen to flow into the Xinqiao River at Shagang Village. Its length is given as 11.99 km, the same figure on the district government's geographical position page and in the Eleventh Five-Year water plan; that plan also gives a catchment of 103.17 sq km. The figure of 12.44 km in media accounts has no official document behind it and is treated as a lead only. This entry takes 11.99 km. Water conservancyLandscape unchecked Standard Polders, Dikes and Sluices Zhangxi Polder A polder in the Lishui Economic Development Zone (Zhetang Subdistrict), its floodwater pumped into the Ergan and Yigan rivers, with a new Zhangxi Polder drainage pumping station approved in 2019 Zhangxi Polder is a polder within the Lishui Economic Development Zone (Zhetang Subdistrict), one of the zone's polders together with Sanya Polder and Lingzhuang Polder. On 31 July 2019 the Jiangsu Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Water Resources approved the preliminary design of the Sanya Polder, Zhangxi Polder and Lingzhuang Polder drainage pumping station project under Su Fa Gai Nong Jing Fa [2019] No. 667, demolishing the old stations and building three new drainage pumping stations to pump the polders' floodwater into the Ergan and Yigan rivers and meet a 20-year drainage standard; the Zhangxi Polder drainage pumping station has a design flow of 10 cubic metres per second, four submersible axial-flow pumps and a total installed capacity of 1,000 kW, and its new site lies behind the left dike of the Ergan River at chainage 18+400, about 70 m downstream of the Maogongdu drainage pumping station. The three stations have an estimated investment of 75.56 million yuan and a construction period of 12 months. The 14th Five-Year water plan lists Zhangxi Polder among the 12 key pumping stations completed in the 13th Five-Year period. No official area or embankment length is given for Zhangxi Polder, and this entry declares area and length gaps. Water conservancyPolder landLandscape Confidence: Qualifiedunchecked Standard Lakes and Reservoirs Zheshantou Reservoir A medium-sized reservoir in Jingqiao Town and the source of the Yunhe River, its registered water surface 145.88 ha, its municipal drinking water source listing cancelled in 2019 Zheshantou Reservoir lies in Jingqiao Town, Lishui District. It is one of the district's six medium-sized reservoirs, managed and protected by the Zheshantou Reservoir Management Office, and it is the source of the Yunhe River, a branch of the Xinqiao River in the Shijiu Lake system. Its total capacity of 1138 10,000 m³, usable capacity of 413 10,000 m³ and usable water level of 25.0 m come from Table 2 of Jiangsu Water Resources, 2022 no. 5. The Natural Resource Register of the Nanjing Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, entered on 14 June 2024, records a water surface of 145.88 ha for the registered unit Zheshantou Reservoir. It was listed in December 2013 in the first batch of the Nanjing municipal drinking water source list, and from 9 October 2019 it was cancelled by the Notice on cancelling the municipal drinking water source list entries of Yaojia Reservoir and others in Lishui District. ReservoirsDrinking water sourcesWater conservancy unchecked Standard Lakes and Reservoirs Zhongshan Reservoir A medium-sized reservoir on the upper Yigan River, the landmark lake at the source of the Qinhuai Zhongshan Reservoir lies on the upper Yigan River in the south-east of Lishui District. Work began in November 1957 and the reservoir filled in May 1959; its catchment is 32.28 sq km and its total capacity 2731 10,000 m³, one of the district's six medium-sized reservoirs. It is also called Zhongshan Lake, and the Jiangsu Provincial Local Gazetteers Office records that it takes in the springs of Donglu Mountain and is the landmark lake at the source of the Qinhuai. The Nanjing Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau's register records a water-flow area of 403.33 ha for the registered unit Zhongshan Reservoir, on the confirmed registration basis. ReservoirsDrinking water sourcesWater conservancy unchecked Standard

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